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Idomeneo
''Idomeneo, re di Creta ossia Ilia e Idamante'' (Italian for ''Idomeneus, King of Crete, or, Ilia and Idamante''; usually referred to simply as ''Idomeneo'',〔(:idomenˈeo)〕 K. 366) is an Italian language opera seria by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The libretto was adapted by Giambattista Varesco from a French text by Antoine Danchet, which had been set to music by André Campra as ''Idoménée'' in 1712. Mozart and Varesco were commissioned in 1780 by Karl Theodor, Elector of Bavaria for a court carnival. He probably chose the subject, though it might have been Mozart.〔David Cairns, ''Mozart and his Operas'', 2006, p. 36. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22898-6〕 The work premiered on 29 January 1781 at the Residenz Theatre in Munich, Germany.
==Composition==
The libretto clearly draws inspiration from Metastasio in its overall layout, the type of character development, and the highly poetic language used in the various numbers and the ''secco'' and ''stromentato'' recitatives. The style of the choruses, marches, and ballets is very French, and the shipwreck scene towards the end of act I is almost identical to the structure and dramatic working-out of a similar scene in Gluck's ''Iphigénie en Tauride''. The sacrifice and oracle scenes are similar to Gluck's ''Iphigénie en Aulide'' and ''Alceste''.
Kurt Kramer〔Kurt Kramer, "Antike und christliches Mittelalter in Varescos ''Idomeneo'', dem Libretto zu Mozarts gleichnamiger Oper" in ''Mitteilungen der Internationalen Stiftung Mozarteum'', xxviii/1–2 (1980), 6.20〕 has suggested that Varesco was familiar with Calzabigi and therefore the work of Gluck, especially the latter's ''Alceste''; much of what we see in Varesco's most dramatic passages is the latest French style, mediated by Calzabigi. It is thanks to Mozart, though, that this mixture of French styles (apart from a few choruses) moves away from Gluck and France and returns to its more Italian (''opera seria'') roots; the singers were all trained in the classical Italian style, after all, and the recitatives are all classically Italian.
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